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Walter De Gruyter, Berlin & Leipzig 1923 ; 366 pp. Kelten und Albaner. in: Symbolae grammaticae in honorem Ioannis Rozwadowski, 1927, 1, p. 235-250. Zur Vorgeschichte des Albanischen und der Albaner. in: Wrter und Sachen 12 1929 ; , p. 63-91. Slaven und Albaner. in: Slavia, Prague, 13 1934-35 ; , p. 281-325, 609-645. JUCQOIS, Guy Le sort des gutturales palatalises indo-europeennes en albanais. in: Le Museon 78 1965 ; , p. 437-455. LA PIANA, Marco Intorno al riflesso della vocale `o' lunga dall'indoeuropeo e dal latine nell'albanese. Palermo 1937 ; Studi linguistici albanesi. Vol. 1. Prolegomeni allo studio della linguistica albanese. Palermo 1939 ; xix + 139 pp. LAMBERTZ, Maximilian Albanisch-Deutsches Wrterbuch. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1954 ; LANE, George S. The beech argument. A re-evaluation of the linguistic evidence. in. Zeitschrift fr vergleichende Sprachforschung 81, 3-4 1967 ; , p. 198-212. LIDN, Ewald Baumnamen und Verwandtes. in: Indogermanische Forschungen, 18 1905-1906 ; , p. 485-509. KROGMANN, Willi Das Buchenargument. in: Zeitschrift fr vergleichende Sprachforschung 72 1955 ; , p. 1-29; 73 1957 ; , p. 1-25. MANN, Stuart E. Indo-European vowels in Albanian. in: Language, 26 1950 ; , p. 379-388. Indo-European consonants in Albanian. in: Language, 28 1952 ; , p. 31-40. MARKGRAF, Friedrich An den Grenzen des Mittelmeergebietes. Pflanzengeographie von Mittelalbanien. Repertorium novarum regni vegetabilis, Beiheft 45. Repertorium, Dahlem bei Berlin 1927 ; 217 pp. In Albaniens Bergen. Strecker & Schrder, Stuttgart 1930 ; 244 pp. Pflanzengeographie von Albanien. Bibliotheca Botanica 5. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1930 ; 132 pp. Pflanzen aus Albanien. in: Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Klasse, Vienna, 102 1931 ; , p. 317-360. reprint Hlder-Pichler-Tempsky, Vienna 1931 ; 47 pp. MARKGRAF, Friedrich & WEIGAND, Gustav Einige albanische Pflanzennamen. in: Balkan-Archiv, Leipzig, 2 1926 ; , p. 221-225. MEYER, Gustav Etymologisches Wrterbuch der albanesischen Sprache. Trbner, Strasbourg 1891, reprint Leipzig 1982 ; 526 pp. MITRUSHI, Ilia Emra shqip t drurve dhe t shkurreve. in: Buletin i Universitetit Shtetror t Tirans, Seria shkencat natyrore II 1953 ; . Rrobulli Pinus Heldreichii Christ ; n Shqipri. in: Buletini i Shkencave t Natyrs, Tiran, 1953 ; , 1, p. 48-62. Druret dhe shkurret e Shqipris. Prhapja, kultivimi, dobia dhe prdorimi i tyre.
Became amateur ethnobotanists as their interest and excitement grew along with their taxonomic skills. They were F ALL THE TOOLS I'VE USED in many years of soon teaching one another and constantly discovering new teaching, I've found plants to be the most exciting, plants to key out. if not transformative. Wherever my travels have On another occasion, my teacher son-in-law coaxed taken me -- to the inner city of Los Angeles, along the me into leading a fifth grade class on a botany hike on the urban trails of Anchorage, to a camp for wayward youth in school grounds -- a daunting assignment in a schoolyard Michigan, a park in Atlanta, or a campus in Nova Scotia covered with asphalt and concrete and surrounded by chain -- familiar plants have been there to greet me. Certain link fencing and busy urban streets. But thanks to numerous plants that we often refer to as "weeds" are ubiquitous, cracks and holes wrought by nature's weathering processes, many species being common to virtually all regions of there was an abundance of delightful, delectable "weeds" North America. They are free for the to collect for study and stories, and picking and often found on or near later to serve as treats. The children's school grounds. And if you're hunfavorites were pineapple weed and Within a few hours the gry, they are rich in nutrients, have wood sorrel, followed by clover and complaining had largely subsided minimal packaging, and grow orsour dock. Once again, "weeds" as the students' interest in the ganically. Following are a few stories saved the day by generating considto whet your appetite. erable excitement and adding a new virtues of nearly every new plant I was invited to accompany a dimension to the schoolyard experiwe encountered overshadowed group of inner city youth from Los ence. their fear and discomfort. Angeles on a weeklong backpackAs our lives become increasing ing trip in the Sierra Nevada of urban and we drift further from our California. Many of the youth had natural underpinnings, it becomes never experienced the wilds outside of Los Angeles. Once imperative that we find ways to help our students reconnect we were on the trail it became apparent that we would have to the broader community of life. Richard Louv's recent a major challenge to help them enjoy their experience in this book Last Child in the Woods presents strong evidence of strange if not seemingly hostile environment. Along with the the relationship between academic performance and outdoor unfamiliarity of their surroundings was the added discomfort experiences in natural settings. Plant studies offer wonderful of carrying a heavy backpack up several miles of steep trail. segues into the natural realm and "natural" connections beAlthough I had never visited the area, many of the plants tween subject areas. If a study of plants includes ethnobotany were common to the mountains of northern Utah where I the study of how different cultures use plants ; , it slides live, so I began introducing some of my favorites. As always, easily into the social sciences. If it includes plant population I found a bit of nibbling on some gastronomic delights to be studies, mapping, and other forms of measurement, it is highly engaging. Within a few hours the complaining had easily incorporated into math activities. Even physical largely subsided as the students' interest in the virtues of education and technology make the list of related curricular nearly every new plant we encountered overshadowed their areas, as the location and identification of plants can be fear and discomfort. As the week progressed, many of them integrated into a plethora of exciting and challenging by Jack Greene.
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1. Malanoski, G. J., Collins, L., Wennersten, C., Moellering, R. C. & Eliopoulos, G. M. 1993 ; . In vitro activity of biapenem against clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 37, 200916. 2. Iso, Y., Irie, T., Nishino, Y., Motokawa, K. & Nishitani, Y. 1996 ; . A novel 1 -methylcarbapenem antibiotic, S-4661. Synthesis and structureactivity relationships of 2- 5-substituted pyrrolidin-3ylthio ; -1 -methylcarbapenems. Journal of Antibiotics 49, 199209. 3. Iso, Y., Irie, T., Iwaki, T., Kii, M., Sendo, Y., Motokawa, K. et al. 1996 ; . Synthesis and modification of a novel 1 -methyl carbapenem antibiotic, S-4661. Journal of Antibiotics 49, 47884. 4. Mori, M., Hikida, M., Nishihara, T., Nasu, T. & Mitsuhashi, S. 1996 ; . Comparative stability of carbapenem and penem antibiotics to human recombinant dehydropeptidase-I. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 37, 10346. 5. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1990 ; . Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Bacteria.
Ii ; Construction of more new Recreation Centres also could not be started during the year due to non-availability of appropriate site. iii ; iv ; v ; No new Working Women Hostel also could be started during the year. New Plan scheme to set up Women Development Corporation also could not be started. Funds also could not be released to Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh for the welfare of Leprosy affected persons during the year. vi ; Funds could not be utilised under the Plan schemes "Short-stay Homes for Women in distress" and "Health Care facilities for inmates of Homes and Institutions". vii ; Funds for the Plan scheme "Recreation Centres for Senior Citizens" also could not be utilised during the year as MCD did not submit utilization report for the funds released up to 1997-98.
Lainchbury, John G., Ondrej Lisy, John C. Burnett, Jr., Donna M. Meyer, and Margaret M. Redfield. Actions of a novel synthetic natriuretic peptide on hemodynamics and ventricular function in the dog. J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 282: R993R998, 2002; 10.1152 ajpregu.00388.2001.--Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide DNP ; is a recently discovered peptide with structural similarity to known natriuretic peptides. DNP has been shown to possess potent renal actions. Our objectives were to define the acute hemodynamic actions of DNP in normal anesthetized dogs and the acute effects of DNP on left ventricular LV ; function in conscious chronically instrumented dogs. In anesthetized dogs, DNP, but not placebo, decreased mean arterial pressure 141 6 to 109 7 mmHg, P 0.05 ; and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 5.8 0.3 to 3.4 0.2 mmHg, P 0.05 ; . Cardiac output decreased and systemic vascular resistance increased with DNP and placebo. DNP-like immunoreactivity and guanosine 3 , 5 -cyclic monophosphate concentration increased without changes in other natriuretic peptides. In conscious dogs, DNP decreased LV end-systolic pressure 120 7 to 102 6 mmHg, P 0.05 ; and volume 32 6 to ml, P 0.05 ; and LV end-diastolic volume 38 5 to ml, P 0.05 ; but not arterial elastance. LV end-systolic elastance increased 6.1 0.7 to 7.4 0.6 mmHg ml, P 0.05 ; , and Tau decreased 31 2 to ms, P 0.05 ; . The effects on hemodynamics, LV function, and second messenger generation suggest synthetic DNP may have a role as a cardiac unloading and lusitropic peptide. natriuretic peptides; systolic function; diastolic function.
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REMODULIN is available by prescription only. Contact your doctor or health care professional for all prescribing and safety information and renagel.
Nitric oxide, and Unither Pharma is the exclusive licensee of patents entitling it to claim that arginine is critical for maintaining vascular function and certain other arginine-based claims. Presently, the HeartBar and a related line of products are marketed directly to consumers by Unither Pharma and by independent distributors and the Internet. Unither Pharma is currently suing other parties believed to have violated Unither Pharma's patents related to the arginine line. It has entered into a patent license with one infringer and is in negotiations with others. Unither Pharma believes that there are a substantial number of additional infringers and intends to vigorously enforce its patents requiring these infringers to pay royalties to United Therapeutics. Approximately 1, 000, .3 million and .4 million of revenues were earned from the sales of HeartBar and related products in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Beraprost SR In June 2000, United Therapeutics obtained from Toray Industries, Inc. the exclusive right to develop and market oral prostacyclin beraprost in a sustained release formulation in the United States and Canada for the treatment of all vascular and cardiovascular indications. Beraprost is an oral form of prostacyclin that is chemically stable. Like natural prostacyclin and Remodulin, beraprost is believed to dilate blood vessels, prevent platelet aggregation and prevent proliferation of smooth muscle cells surrounding blood vessels. Intermittent oral doses of immediate release beraprost did not prove effective in Phase III studies conducted by United Therapeutics during 2000 and 2001. However, United Therapeutics believes that sustained release oral doses of beraprost may be an important treatment for early-stage peripheral vascular disease and for early-stage pulmonary hypertension. Beraprost is presently in Phase I clinical testing being conducted by Toray Industries in Japan. Toray is required to complete testing of sustained release beraprost through Phase I to adequately document its performance in humans. If Toray is able to do so, United Therapeutics would be obligated to grant Toray an option to purchase 500, 000 shares of United Therapeutics' common stock at the then current fair value of that stock. The development of sustained release beraprost, however, has been significantly delayed by Toray and United Therapeutics may cancel this agreement prior to granting any options. Northern Therapeutics, Inc. In December 2000, Lung Rx, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of United Therapeutics, formed a new company in Canada, Northern Therapeutics, Inc., with the inventor of a new form of autologous meaning it is derived from the patient's own body and not from foreign material such as viruses ; gene therapy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and other diseases. Northern Therapeutics is currently planning its first human trial with the gene therapy in Canada and also is distributing certain United Therapeutics' products there, including Remodulin. United Therapeutics received approximately 59 percent of the initial outstanding common stock of Northern Therapeutics in exchange for .0 million, and currently owns approximately 68 percent of Northern Therapeutics. Although United Therapeutics owns approximately 68 percent of Northern Therapeutics, minority shareholders possess substantive participating rights that preclude United Therapeutics from controlling Northern Therapeutics and consolidating Northern Therapeutics' financial statements. The Medtronic MiniMed Strategic Alliance Medtronic MiniMed partnered with United Therapeutics for the use of Medtronic MiniMed's pager-sized continuous microinfusion pump for delivery of Remodulin subcutaneously. United Therapeutics entered into an agreement with MiniMed, Inc. now Medtronic MiniMed ; in September 1997, which was implemented in a detailed set of guidelines to collaborate in the design, development and implementation of therapies to treat pulmonary hypertension utilizing MiniMed products and Remodulin. The guidelines require United Therapeutics to purchase its Remodulin infusion pumps exclusively from Medtronic MiniMed at a discount to MiniMed list prices unless MiniMed's infusion pumps fail to receive certain government approvals or cannot be appropriately used. The term of the agreement commenced on September 3, 1997 and continues for seven years after the May 2002 FDA approval of Remodulin. The agreement will be automatically extended for additional 12-month periods unless otherwise terminated. The agreement is subject to early termination in the event of a material breach or bankruptcy of either party. In the event that there are any discoveries or improvements arising out of work performed under the agreement, the parties will have joint ownership of those discoveries or improvements. United Therapeutics acquires Medtronic MiniMed products and resells these products to its distributors. United Therapeutics is working toward having its distributors purchase all Medtronic MiniMed products directly from Medtronic MiniMed. In 2004, several distributors commenced purchasing supplies directly from Medtronic MiniMed. Approximately .7 million, .7 million and .7 million of revenues were earned from the resale of MiniMed pumps and supplies in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
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1. Canadian health authority accepts Remodulin new drug submission for priority review [press release]. United Therapeutics; Feb 19, 2002. Available: : unither company news accessed 2002 Feb 25 ; . 2. United Therapeutics receives FDA approvable letter for Remodulin to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension [press release]. United Therapeutics; Feb 11, 2002. Available: : unither company news accessed 2002 Apr 25 ; . 3. Treprostinil: Drugdex monograph. Drugdex Drug Evaluations; Mar 2002; 113 [database online]. Thomson Micromedex. Available: : micromedex products drugdex updates trepr accessed 2002 Apr 24 and reserpine.
Item 8.01. Other Events. On March 21, 2006, United Therapeutics Corporation issued a press release announcing that the United States Food and Drug Administration FDA ; has approved a supplemental New Drug Application sNDA ; for Remodulin treprostinil sodium ; Injection in satisfaction of the FDA's Subpart H accelerated approval requirement for a Phase 4 post-marketing study to confirm the clinical benefit of Remodulin. A copy of this press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1. Item 9.01. Exhibits d ; Exhibits Exhibit No. 99.1 Description of Exhibit Press release dated March 21, 2006.
INPATIENT MANAGEMENT OF SUPRATHERAPEUTIC INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIOS: AN ASSESSMENT OF ADHERENCE TO THE 2004 AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CHEST PHYSICIAN GUIDELINES Elizabeth A. Newton * , G. Robert DeYoung, Michael Jonkman St. Mary's Health Care, 200 Jefferson SE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503 newtonea trinity-health Background: Supratherapeutic international normalized ratios INRs ; are a common clinical problem in patients taking warfarin because of their association with an increased risk of bleeding. Evidence based guidelines for the management of elevated INRs and or bleeding in patients receiving warfarin were most recently published by the American College of Chest Physicians ACCP ; in 2004. These guidelines outline an approach to and recommendations for balancing the risks of hemorrhage with the risks of thrombosis, however variability exists in clinical practice. It is anticipated that adherence to the guidelines will be suboptimal in defined subgroups of patients, which may guide future educational, clinical, or process interventions. Purpose: To assess adherence to the ACCP guidelines for the management of elevated INRs in patients taking warfarin. Methods: The study is a retrospective chart review of inpatients receiving warfarin with an INR greater than three. A random sample of 100 patients presenting from January through November 2006 was included. Patient data was categorized according to INR and the presence or absence of bleeding. Adherence to the ACCP guidelines was assessed by comparing any changes in warfarin therapy, or the dose and route of vitamin K administered in response to the INR elevations to the course of action recommended by the guidelines. Secondary outcomes include the time to return to therapeutic INR, and length of stay. Results Conclusions: Data collection is in progress. Results and conclusions will be presented at the conference. Learning Objectives: To describe the ACCP guidelines for management of supratherapeutic INRs including the recommended dose and route of Vitamin K. To identify potential areas of or trends in non-adherence to the guidelines. Self Assessment Questions: True False. Overcorrection of an elevated INR increases the risk for thrombosis. True False. Vitamin K given PO, IV, IM, or SC is equally safe and effective and restasis.
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1. Manifestations A. Dyspnea, orthopnea, tachycardia: Beck's triad consists of hypotension, distant heart sounds, distention of jugular veins. B. Paradoxical pulse 10 mmHg decline in BP during inspiration ; . C. The principle hemodynamic feature is a decrease in cardiac output from a reduced stroke volume with an increase in central venous pressure. Equalization of diastolic pressures occur throughout the heart. Impairment of both diastolic filling and atrial emptying abolishes the `y' descent; the `x' descent is normal. D. EKG: ST segment changes, electrical alternans.
In this experiment, precluding statistical testing. However, in parallel studies in which blood was collected from rats n 4 ; under nonstress conditions at 14 days after ULA, plasma ACTH, corticosterone, and aldosterone values were 34 5 pg ml, 18 9 ng ml, and 17 11 pg ml, respectively. Steroidogenic enzyme gene expression after adrenal enucleation in the presence of an intact adrenal. Analysis similar to experiment 1 was repeated for P-45011 and P-450aldo mRNA in 2-, 5-, and 10-day enucleated adrenals regenerating in the absence ULE ULA ; or in the presence ULE SULA ; of an intact adrenal. There was no difference between enucleated adrenals from ULE ULA and ULE SULA at days 2 or 5, and the results were similar to experiment 1 for both time points data not shown ; . However, enucleated adrenals in the presence of an intact adrenal ULE SULA ; showed reduced P-45011 mRNA at 10 days compared with ULE ULA Fig. 5A ; . P-450aldo mRNA, on the other hand, was elevated at 10 days in ULE SULA adrenals compared with ULE ULA adrenals, and there was no difference between ULE SULA and intact adrenals at 10 days Fig. 5B ; . Treatment of ULE SULA rats with ACTH did not significantly affect P-45011 mRNA Fig. 5A ; but reversed the elevated P-450aldo mRNA observed at 10 days Fig. 5B ; . The data suggest that the presence of an intact adrenal impairs regeneration as reflected by reduced P-45011 mRNA and that reduced regeneration is associated with increased P-450aldo mRNA. In addition, treatment of ULE SULA rats with ACTH decreases P-450aldo mRNA, suggesting that elevated plasma ACTH observed in ULE ULA rats contributes to decreased expression of P-450aldo. To confirm that the presence of an intact adrenal suppresses adrenal regeneration as reflected by adrenal mass and to extend the comparison to normal regeneration, treatment groups were compared at 30 days after enucleation. Adrenal weight and hybridization area for P-450scc and P-45011 were decreased in the regenerating adrenal from ULE SULA rats com and restoril.
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Drug causes of chronic constipation Analgesics Anticholinergics Antispasmodics Antidepressants Antipsychotics Antiparkinsonian drugs Cation-containing agents Iron supplements Aluminium antacids, sucralfate ; Calcium antacids, supplements ; Barium sulphate Metallic intoxication arsenic, lead, mercury ; Neurally active agents Opiates Antihypertensives Ganglionic blockers Vinca alkaloids Anticonvulsants Calcium channel blockers 5HT-3 antagonists Diabetes and hypothyroidism are the two commonest endocrine disorders causing constipation. Secondary autonomic dysfunction is believed to underlie constipation in patients with diabetes mellitus 15 ; . A study of Hong Kong Chinese Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed that 27.5% had constipation 16 ; . Constipation due to hypothyroidism is usually mild and improves with thyroid replacement therapy. However, it can develop into lifethreatening megacolon in patients with myxedema 17 ; . The distal colon is supplied by parasympathetic innervation via sacral nerves which enter the bowel wall in the lower part of the rectum. Transection of these nerves or lesions in the cauda equina produces constipation with colonic dilatation, decreased rectal tone and sensation and reyataz.
The statements identified as forward-looking statements may exist in "Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" or elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and United Therapeutics' actual results may differ materially from anticipated results. Factors that may cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed below. United Therapeutics undertakes no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Unless the context requires otherwise or unless otherwise noted, all references in this section to "United Therapeutics" and to the "company", "we", "us" or "our" are to United Therapeutics Corporation and its subsidiaries. RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS Actual revenue run rates, consolidated revenues and net income or losses may differ from our projections. In addition, we have a history of losses and may not continue to be profitable. We have made public projections of our estimated Remodulin annual revenue run rate, a range of potential 2004 consolidated revenues and achieving profitability in 2004. These projections were based on numerous factors and assumptions taken into consideration at the time the estimates were made. Those factors and assumptions are inherently subject to a degree.
Various products are currently marketed for the treatment of pah, including epoprostenol, marketed as flolan by glaxosmithkline; subcutaneous and intravenous versions of treprostinil, marketed as remodulin by united therapeutics; and bosentan, marketed as tracleer by actelion and rezulin.
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